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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Attendees: Anita Havele, Nicholas Polys, Dick Puk, Don Brutzman<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=0 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo8'><b>Participation</b>. The X3D Working Group meets weekly on Fridays 09-1000 Pacific on Web3D Consortium zoom channel. Web3D member and X3D community participation is welcome. Telcon information:<o:p></o:p></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoPlainText style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81634670698?pwd=a1VPeU5tN01rc21Oa3hScUlHK0Rxdz09 <o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoPlainText style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://zoom.us/j/148206572 Password 483805 <o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoPlainText style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://www.web3d.org/member/teleconference-information <o:p></o:p></li></ul><div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;padding:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-13.5pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><b>X3D 2023 goals. </b>Our primary activities for X3D Working Group in 2023 are focused on broad and correct deployment.<o:p></o:p></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo11'>Encourage consistent rendering, interaction and usage for the many tremendous capabilities in X3D4.<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo11'>Update ISO specifications and implementations for multiple programming languages and file encodings to match X3D4.<o:p></o:p></li></ol><div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;padding:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=2 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-13.5pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><b>X3D4 Architecture Specification Document submitted to ISO</b><o:p></o:p></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Web3D Consortium version is online at<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://www.web3d.org/specifications/X3Dv4Draft/ISO-IEC19775-1v4-IS.proof<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>with additional information at<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://www.web3d.org/x3d4-highlights<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://www.web3d.org/x3d4<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://www.web3d.org/specifications/X3dGraphicsStandardsRelationships.png<o:p></o:p></li></ul><div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;padding:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=3 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><b>INCITS H3 annual report reviewed</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal>INCITS is the U.S. National Standards Body, and committee H3 covers Graphics and Imaging. Web3D Consortium is a participating member.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>INCITS H3, Graphics and Imaging<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;color:#434343;background:#EFEFEF'>INCITS/Graphics and Imaging develops standards for computer graphics and image processing.</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;color:#434343'><br><span style='background:#EFEFEF'>INCITS/Graphics and Imaging's area of work includes the standardization of functional specifications, APIs, and interchange/encoding supporting the representation, presentation, and exchange of graphical and image data. Application areas include image capture, markup, and processing; visualization and interaction with 2D/3D graphical systems; synthetic environments coding and representation (e.g., modelling and simulation, smart cities, digital twins); and augmented, virtual, and mixed reality.</span><br><span style='background:#EFEFEF'>INCITS/Graphics and Imaging is the U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24.</span></span><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9'>https://www.incits.org/committees/h3<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal>We reviewed inputs to the final draft of the INCITS H3 annual report.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=3 type=1><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo10'><b><i>Summary of X3D features</i></b>. The stable published ISO/IEC 19775 specification represents the current form of X3D known as Version 3.3. During this past year, the Web3D Consortium has worked actively to produce DIS text for X3D Version 4.0. That text (with small modifications) has been approved. The following items are the major changes included in X3D 4.0:<o:p></o:p></li></ol></ol><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Embedding and interaction within HTML5 Web pages, including CSS styling capabilities<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Khronos/ISO glTF 2.0 model access<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Advanced materials, physically based rendering (PBR) and superior lighting model, matching glTF 2.0<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Projective texture mapping (PTM) and Multi-planar Reconstruction (MPR) capabilities<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Enhanced spatial sound including W3C Web Audio API and MIDI 2.0<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>HAnim 2.0 updates including BVH-compatible motion animation and rigorous human skeletal compliance<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>PointProperties node for point-based rendering<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Individual and aggregated interactive models consistently presentable across a <a name="_Hlk131665838">complete range of computer platforms including handhelds, tablets, laptops, desktops, immersive devices, CAVES, etc</a>.<o:p></o:p></li><li class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'>Corrections and improvements, driven by open public implementation and evaluation using 4 codebases<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=3 type=1><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=2 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo10'><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Future of X3D. </span></i></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> The Web3D Consortium is working on many improvements to X3D that will further solidify its importance for 3D on the World Wide Web. These improvements and additions will appear as future amendment and/or revision projects when the technology is ready. Included in the expected improvements are the following capabilities:<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol></ol><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Enhanced geospatial capability (see document 24n3727)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>More comprehensive metadata mapping from existing metadata standards<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Chroma key capability<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Haptics<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Big data visualization<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Camera nodes <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Sensors (e.g., GNSS)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Special support for VR<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>HAnim facial animation<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>HAnim internal organ representation<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=3 type=1><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=3 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo10'><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>X3DUOM.</span></i></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> Web3D has developed an X3D Unified Object Model (X3DUOM) to provide a formal mechanism for representing X3D functionality. This capability will make it possible to auto-generate much of the content of encodings and language bindings and there is consideration underway as to whether X3DUOM should be published as an International Standard, likely as a new part within one of the existing standards.</span><o:p></o:p></li></ol></ol><div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><p class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in;border:none;padding:0in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=BODY style='margin-bottom:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=4 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><b>Metaverse Standards Forum (MSF) activities<o:p></o:p></b></li></ol><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:58.5pt;mso-add-space:auto'><o:p> </o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>Metaverse Standards Forum<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>Where Leading Standards Organizations and Companies Cooperate to Foster Interoperability Standards for an Open MetaverseMetaverse Standards Forum is now incorporated as an independent non-profit consortium<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>Building an Open Metaverse. Interoperability is the bedrock of the metaverse, to enable multiple disruptive technologies to work together, to build bridges between applications to scale beyond a series of disconnected silos, and to evolve a platform that is open and inclusive for all.<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>https://metaverse-standards.org<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:58.5pt;mso-add-space:auto'><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=4 type=1><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo10'> <b>3D Interoperability for the Web - Exploratory Group<o:p></o:p></b></li></ol></ol><p class=MsoNormal>Following approval by the MSF board, 47 MSF members have signed up for this group. Co-chairs Nicholas Polys, Johannes Behr and Anita Havele led this group’s first regular meeting last Thursday with 14 people attending.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><i>Overview and Goals<o:p></o:p></i></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo14'>Interconnect 3D worlds, interactions, and experiences across the WWW<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo14'>Enable robust patterns for interoperable Metaverse content authoring and delivery workflows across the Web; to enable mixed-use of different asset formats in a single world<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo14'>Increase synergy and reduce duplication of Standards. Identify parallels, gaps, and fragmentation<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:0in;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo14'>Create a roadmap to meet the gaps and provide SDOs guidance on future standardization<o:p></o:p></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal>We had an excellent discussion regarding goals and activities. Potential benefits of building examples were considered in detail. I think that the availability today of X3D4, HTML5, glTF2, HAnim2, MIDI2, CSS3 and related Web standards will offer many opportunities to present insightful, influential Metaverse exemplars.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>If you have joined as a MSF member, or if you want to contribute as part of the Web3D Consortium team, then login to the Member Portal there and go to the link<o:p></o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>Join the Forum groups that are of interest to you for access to those groups’ calendars, documents, mailing lists, etc. <o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal>Next meeting is planned for 4 May 2023. All MSF meetings are recorded and available to members online.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=4 type=1><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=2 type=a><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo10'><b>Metaverse Standards Registry (MSR)<o:p></o:p></b></li></ol></ol><p class=MsoNormal>Don Brutzman is working with Reese Plews and Ron Tse of <a href="http://www.enosema.org">www.enosema.org</a> and others for registration of standards and vocabulary terms. Getting to clarity on what is possible and what is compatible seems to be central to any future Metaverse progress. MSF MSR products are being constructed and maintained in version control on Github.<o:p></o:p></p><div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;padding:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><ol style='margin-top:0in' start=5 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:-13.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10'><b>Wikipedia X3D update</b><o:p></o:p></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal>We continued work by Nicholas, collaboratively editing together. <o:p></o:p></p><ul style='margin-top:0in' type=disc><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>Nicholas review: some information is irrelevant/archaic, links need editing, improved prose provided.<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Anmbyz7gS_kNHtzHFhALlD9uDbz9Ta9W2Kcw79CMBvY/edit<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>We are off to a good start, edited initial section is online, current version follows. All feedback welcome.<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:22.5pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X3D<o:p></o:p></li><li style='color:black;margin-top:4.8pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>X3D</span></b><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> (<b>Extensible 3D</b>) is a set of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free" title=Royalty-free><span style='color:#002BB8'>royalty-free</span></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1"><span style='color:#002BB8'>ISO/IEC standards</span></a> for declaratively representing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics"><span style='color:#002BB8'>3D computer graphics</span></a>. X3D includes multiple graphics file formats, programming-language <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title=API><span style='color:#002BB8'>API</span></a> definitions, and run-time specifications for both delivery and integration of interactive network-capable 3D data. X3D version 4.0 has been approved by Web3D Consortium, and is under final review by ISO/IEC as a revised International Standard (IS).<o:p></o:p></span></li><li style='color:black;margin-top:4.8pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>X3D is specifically designed to work across diverse devices by using the Web Architecture. X3D provides a range of 3D functionality through Profiles, from basic asset Interchange and CADInterchange to Interactive, MPEG-4 Interactive, Medical, Immersive, and Full Profiles. Anatomically thorough support is also available for Humanoid Animation (HAnim) body structure and motion. The ‘X’ in X3D means Extensible: custom vendor and research component extensions can be added to standard functionality.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li style='color:black;margin-top:4.8pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>X3D <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_format" title="File format"><span style='color:#002BB8'>file format</span></a> support includes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title=XML><span style='color:#002BB8'>XML</span></a>, ClassicVRML, Compressed Binary Encoding (CBE) and a draft <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON" title=JSON><span style='color:#002BB8'>JSON</span></a> encoding. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Semantic Web</span></a> support has also been demonstrated by a </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)"><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#002BB8;background:white;text-decoration:none'>Turtle</span></a><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;background:white'> </span><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>encoding. X3D became the successor to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRML" title=VRML><span style='color:#002BB8'>Virtual Reality Modeling Language</span></a> (VRML) in 2001.</span><sup id="cite_ref-1"><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X3D#cite_note-1"><span style='color:#002BB8'>[1]</span></a></span></sup><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> X3D provides multiple <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_extension" title="Software extension"><span style='color:#002BB8'>extensions</span></a> to VRML (e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design"><span style='color:#002BB8'>CAD</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial" title=Geospatial><span style='color:#002BB8'>geospatial</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_animation" title="Humanoid animation"><span style='color:#002BB8'>humanoid animation</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NURBS" title=NURBS><span style='color:#002BB8'>NURBS</span></a>, etc.), the ability to encode the scene using an XML <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax" title=Syntax><span style='color:#002BB8'>syntax</span></a> as well as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Inventor" title="Open Inventor"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Open Inventor</span></a>-like syntax of VRML97, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_file" title="Binary file"><span style='color:#002BB8'>binary</span></a> compression, with strongly typed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface"><span style='color:#002BB8'>APIs</span></a> including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript" title=ECMAScript><span style='color:#002BB8'>ECMAScript</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Java</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Python</span></a> and other programming languages.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li style='color:black;margin-top:4.8pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>X3D rendering includes both classic (e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinn%E2%80%93Phong_reflection_model" title="Blinn–Phong reflection model"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Blinn-Phong</span></a>) and modern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_based_rendering" title="Physically based rendering"><span style='color:#002BB8'>physically based rendering (PBR)</span></a> methods matching <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlTF#glTF_2.0" title=GlTF><span style='color:#002BB8'>glTF 2.0</span></a> capabilities. Use of custom <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shader" title=Shader><span style='color:#002BB8'>shaders</span></a> using three platform-specific shader languages is also defined. Authors can employ rich multimedia capabilities including various image and movie formats. Fully spatialized aural rendering applies W3C <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5_audio#Web_Audio_API_and_MediaStream_Processing_API" title="HTML5 audio"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Web Audio API</span></a> capabilities, plus audio inputs digitized using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI" title=MIDI><span style='color:#002BB8'>MIDI</span></a> 2.0 or other sound formats.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li style='color:black;margin-top:4.8pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:22.5pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>All X3D file encodings and programming-language APIs have equivalent expressive power, matching functional definitions in the X3D Architecture standard. Thus X3D can work with open standards including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title=XML><span style='color:#002BB8'>XML</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model"><span style='color:#002BB8'>Document Object Model (DOM)</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XPath" title=XPath><span style='color:#002BB8'>XPath</span></a> and others.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:4.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 width=352 style='width:264.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt;background:#F8F9FA;border:solid #A2A9B1 1.0pt'><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>Filename extension</span></a></span></b><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;line-height:16.2pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo15'><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;border:solid #EAECF0 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt;background:#F8F9FA'>.x3d</span></code><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> (XML)</span><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;border:solid #EAECF0 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt;background:#F8F9FA'>, .x3dv</span></code><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> (plain text; v = VRML),</span><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;border:solid #EAECF0 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt;background:#F8F9FA'>.x3db, .x3dz, .x3dbz, .x3dvz</span></code><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> (compressed; b = binary, z = gzip)<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>Internet media type</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;line-height:16.2pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo16'><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;border:solid #EAECF0 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt;background:#F8F9FA'>model/x3d+xml</span></code><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;line-height:16.2pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo16'><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;border:solid #EAECF0 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt;background:#F8F9FA'>model/x3d+vrml</span></code><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;line-height:16.2pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo16'><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;border:solid #EAECF0 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt;background:#F8F9FA'>model/x3d+binary</span></code><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>Initial release<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.2pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>1997</span><span class=noprint><span style='font-size:8.5pt;color:black'>; 26 years ago</span></span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>Latest release</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>4.0<br>2023</span><span class=noprint><span style='font-size:8.5pt;color:black'>; 0 years ago</span></span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>Type of format<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.2pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>3D computer graphics</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>Extended from<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.2pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRML" title=VRML><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>VRML</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title=XML><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>XML</span></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gzip" title=Gzip><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>Gzip</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>Standard</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.2pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>ISO</span></a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission"><span style='color:#002BB8;text-decoration:none'>IEC</span></a> 19775/19776/19777<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 7.8pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.4pt'><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>Website<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td valign=top style='border:none;padding:2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:16.2pt'><span class=url><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://www.web3d.org/x3d/what-x3d/"><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>ww</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>w</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>.web3</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>d</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>.or</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>g</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>/x3</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>d</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>/what-x3</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>d</span><span style='color:#3366BB;text-decoration:none'>/</span></a></span></span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;padding:0in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Upcoming: Web3D newsletter.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks for all efforts to publish interactive 3D graphics on the Web.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Have fun with X3D! 8)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>all the best, Don<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Don Brutzman Naval Postgraduate School, Code USW/Br <a href="mailto:brutzman@nps.edu">brutzman@nps.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Watkins 270, MOVES Institute, Monterey CA 93943-5000 USA +1.831.656.2149<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>X3D graphics, virtual worlds, navy robotics <a href="https://faculty.nps.edu/brutzman">https://faculty.nps.edu/brutzman</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>