<div dir="auto">Good call, thank you for noting this John. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">V/R Don</div><div dir="auto"><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Jun 19, 2025 at 22:38 John Carlson via x3d-public <<a href="mailto:x3d-public@web3d.org">x3d-public@web3d.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">I’m guessing APNG will be used with MovieTexture.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">John</div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Jun 19, 2025 at 8:12 PM Brutzman, Donald (Don) (CIV) via x3d-public <<a href="mailto:x3d-public@web3d.org" target="_blank">x3d-public@web3d.org</a>> wrote:<br></div></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"></blockquote></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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Wondering if anyone has been using PNG 3, which includes animation capabilities?</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr"><b>Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification (Third Edition)</b></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr">W3C Proposed Recommendation 15 May 2025</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr">This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of static and animated raster images. PNG provides
a patent-free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed-color, greyscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. Sample depths range from 1 to 16 bits.</div>
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<div role="presentation">PNG is designed to work well in online viewing applications, such as the World Wide Web, so it is fully streamable with a progressive display option. PNG is robust, providing both full file integrity checking
and simple detection of common transmission errors. Also, PNG can store color space data for improved color matching on heterogeneous platforms.</div>
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<div role="presentation">This specification defines two Internet Media Types, image/png and image/apng.</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr"><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/png-3" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714LPlnk894843" target="_blank">https://www.w3.org/TR/png-3</a></div>
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<a id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714LPUrlAnchor400380" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/png-3" style="text-decoration:none;color:var(--themePrimary)" target="_blank">Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification (Third Edition)</a></div>
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This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of static and animated raster images. PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses
of TIFF. Indexed-color, greyscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel.</div>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org" target="_blank">www.w3.org</a></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr"><b>PNG, Third Edition: Implementation Report</b></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr">Includes list of implementation libraries and shows web-browser support</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr"><a href="https://w3c.github.io/png/Implementation_Report_3e/" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714LPlnk109814" target="_blank">https://w3c.github.io/png/Implementation_Report_3e/</a></div>
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<span style="font-weight:300"><a href="https://w3c.github.io/png/Implementation_Report_3e/" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714LPUrlAnchor918472" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank">PNG, Third Edition: Implementation Report</a></span></div>
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Introduction. This report summarizes the implementation status of PNG, Third Edition at the time of publication: in browsers, image authoring tools, image viewers and other image utilities.. The changes in PNG Third Edition, compared to the Second Edition are
divided into new (or newly-standardized) features, substantive changes to existing features, and many editorial corrections and ...</div>
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<a href="http://w3c.github.io" target="_blank">w3c.github.io</a></div>
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Of note there:</div>
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<b>Animated PNG (APNG)</b><img style="max-width:957px;float:right"></div>
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Although proposed in 2007 and widely implemented in browsers between 2009 and 2017, APNG had not been adopted by the ad-hoc group which produced the early PNG specifications. PNG Third Edition retrospectively standardizes this useful extension. APNG has a
<span style="color:rgb(3,69,117)"><a href="https://w3c.github.io/PNG-spec/#image-apng" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAc1b4aeac-107a-c206-ee3e-4d568b3a8266" style="color:rgb(3,69,117)" target="_blank">distinct Internet Media type</a></span> (MIME type) registered and standardized
in PNG Third Edition.</div>
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Am expecting X3D implementers and modelers will be interested:</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">Implementing and evaluation an ImageTexture capability for 3D texturing as part of (at least 3) X3D players,</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">X3DOM <a href="https://www.x3dom.org/" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA1b803b78-da15-c3b6-0794-f4db6feecffe" title="https://www.x3dom.org" style="margin:0px" target="_blank">
https://www.x3dom.org</a></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">X_ITE <a href="https://create3000.github.io/x_ite" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAb3fae9c7-2ec0-2c71-1f0e-8ffaa0478558" title="https://create3000.github.io/x_ite" style="margin:0px" target="_blank">
https://create3000.github.io/x_ite</a></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">Castle <a href="https://castle-engine.io/castle-model-viewer" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA110a4866-3aa2-748d-2069-69b213883f50" title="https://castle-engine.io/castle-model-viewer" style="margin:0px" target="_blank">https://castle-engine.io/castle-model-viewer</a></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">Listing PNG 3e as a normative requirement in draft X3D 4.1 Architecture, ISO/IEC 19775-1 which in turn affects multiple related international standards for corresponding file formats and programming-language bindings.</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px"><a href="https://www.web3d.org/specifications/X3Dv4Draft/ISO-IEC19775-1v4.1-CD//Part01/Architecture.html" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAba11902d-1696-f71d-7e3c-778636965c1b" target="_blank">https://www.web3d.org/specifications/X3Dv4Draft/ISO-IEC19775-1v4.1-CD//Part01/Architecture.html</a></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">Likely deserving upgrading: clause 18 Texturing component, 18.2.2 Texture map image formats</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px"><a href="https://www.web3d.org/specifications/X3Dv4Draft/ISO-IEC19775-1v4.1-CD//Part01/components/texturing.html#TextureMapImageFormats" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714LPlnk918484" target="_blank">https://www.web3d.org/specifications/X3Dv4Draft/ISO-IEC19775-1v4.1-CD//Part01/components/texturing.html#TextureMapImageFormats</a></div>
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<div role="presentation" style="margin:0px">Considering potential improved capabilities of PNG 3e in support of 3D Web Interoperability Working Group efforts in Metaverse Standards Forum (MSF)</div>
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This seems like a major opportunity for X3D modeling and rendering capabilities.</div>
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p.s. <i>History lesson learned: yes we can do it!</i> Following release in 1987, then in the earliest days of the Web, use of Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images was widespread. After unfettered adoption for years, Unisys discovered that they had acquired
patent rights and announced various plans to start charging royalties. A number of programmers got together to determine requirements and independently create a "clean room" image format that was unencumbered by patents. The result turned out to be technically
superior in perhaps every respect (including image fidelity, compression, and performance), eventually becoming both a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation and an ISO International Standard.</div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr">Wikipedia, GIF Alternatives: PNG</div>
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<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA4b93246d-b129-4acc-b14f-af61c427e2d1" title="Portable Network Graphics" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">Portable Network
Graphics</a></span> (PNG) was designed as a replacement for GIF in order to avoid infringement of Unisys' patent on the LZW compression technique.<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-PNG-42" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA4c21bbd2-6574-e66d-d9dc-8d0e7fb44031" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[42]</a></span> PNG
offers better compression and more features than GIF,<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-png_fea-59" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA1e216706-5bb3-3734-e63e-fc2dc5b00b2b" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[59]</a></span> animation
being the only significant exception. PNG is more suitable than GIF in instances where true-color imaging and
<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_transparency" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAd9e96976-20dd-f366-d61b-686076f7a938" title="Alpha transparency" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">alpha transparency</a></span> are
required.</div>
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Although support for PNG format came slowly, new <span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAa24d98cd-662e-f675-78a0-4f8210d875b1" title="Web browser" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">web browsers</a></span> support PNG. </div>
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<div role="presentation" style="direction:ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#Alternatives" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714LPlnk914899" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#Alternatives</a></div>
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Regarding PNG animation, further down that same page:</div>
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<div role="presentation"><span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_Portable_Network_Graphics" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA99792442-43da-74e5-1939-a1acbe3d2012" title="Animated Portable Network Graphics" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">APNG</a></span> ("Animated
Portable Network Graphics") was proposed by <span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA43f6432c-0f30-457e-7d54-5dc0d60f48e4" title="Mozilla" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">Mozilla</a></span> in 2006. APNG is an extension to the PNG format as alternative to the MNG format.
APNG is supported by most browsers as of 2019.<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-63" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAe00a42de-9d0a-9640-7fc3-ad6e09013138" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[63]</a></span> APNG
provides the ability to animate PNG files, while retaining backwards compatibility in decoders that cannot understand the animation chunk (unlike MNG). Older decoders will simply render the first frame of the animation.</div>
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<div role="presentation">The PNG group officially rejected APNG as an official extension on 20 April 2007.<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-64" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAca73ab81-97cb-6f5a-da3f-5cd3975bcdc9" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[64]</a></span></div>
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<div role="presentation">There have been several subsequent proposals for a simple animated graphics format based on PNG using several different approaches.<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-proposalcomparison-65" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAef5f7ffa-fb40-aec4-7ce2-a4ec5fbf4ee4" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[65]</a></span> Nevertheless,
APNG is still under development by Mozilla and is supported in <span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox#Version_3.0" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA37459e97-e9da-ee53-2590-4c01bb0023f6" title="Mozilla Firefox" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">Firefox 3.0</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-APNG-66" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWAd4dcae8b-e16b-4d02-2029-0c73b8020636" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[66]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-mozlabsapng-67" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA53fa3fcb-7fe6-741f-a5e6-d2ffa30886de" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[67]</a></span> while
MNG support was dropped.<span style="color:rgb(0,43,184)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-68" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA4be19f38-8900-7726-3433-4c7545972b8c" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[68]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF#cite_note-69" id="m_-8700552608479297354m_8100071581710860714OWA34c1c27e-f9f9-5c76-4c14-cd11d6ebf628" style="color:rgb(0,43,184)" target="_blank">[69]</a></span> APNG
is currently supported by all major web browsers including Chrome (since version 59.0), Opera, Firefox and Edge.</div>
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</li></ul>
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Bottom line: <b>All X3D PNG3 examples, implementation reports, and open-source code welcome.</b></div>
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Thanks in advance for all efforts, shared lessons learned, and coolness.</div>
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Have fun with X3D and PNG 3! 🙂</div>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt"><br>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt">all the best, Don</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt">--</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt">Don Brutzman Naval Postgraduate School, Code USW/Br <a href="mailto:brutzman@nps.edu" target="_blank">brutzman@nps.edu</a></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt">Watkins 270, MOVES Institute, Monterey CA 93943-5000 USA +1.831.656.2149</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt">X3D graphics, virtual worlds, navy robotics <a href="https://faculty.nps.edu/brutzman" target="_blank">https://faculty.nps.edu/brutzman</a></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Courier New";font-size:9pt"> </span></p>
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