5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Topics

Table 5.1 lists the topics in this clause.

5.1.2 Description

This clause describes the syntax of field data type values.

There are two general classes of fields: fields that contain a single value (where, for example, a value may be a single number, a vector, or even an image), and fields that contain an ordered list of multiple values. Single-valued fields have names that begin with SF. Multiple-valued fields have names that begin with MF.

Multiple-valued fields are written as an ordered list of values enclosed in square brackets and separated by whitespace. If the field has zero values, only the square brackets ("[ ]") are written. The last value may optionally be followed by whitespace. If the field has exactly one value, the brackets may be omitted.

EXAMPLE 1  All of the following are valid for a multiple-valued MFInt32 field named foo containing the single integer value 1:

   foo 1
   foo [1,]
   foo [ 1 ]

A floating point number may be specified either as an integer or with a decimal point and may also include an exponent portion.

EXAMPLE 2  All of the following are validly expressed floating point values:

   foo 0
   foo 0.0
   foo 0.
   foo 1.e20

5.2 SFBool and MFBool

The SFBool field specifies a single boolean value encoded as either the string TRUE or the string FALSE. MFBool specifies zero or more SFBool string values.

EXAMPLE

fooBool FALSE

is an SFBool field, fooBool, defining a FALSE value.

5.3 SFColor and MFColor

The SFColor field specifies one RGB (red-green-blue) colour triple. MFColor specifies zero or more RGB triples. Each colour is encoded as an RGB triple of floating point numbers in ISO C floating point format (see ISO/IEC 9899) in the range 0.0 to 1.0.

EXAMPLE

fooColor [ 1.0 0. 0.0, 0 1 0, 0 0 1 ]

is an MFColor field, fooColor, containing the three primary colours red, green, and blue.

5.4 SFColorRGBA and MFColorRGBA

The SFColorRGBA field specifies one RGB (red-green-blue) colour triple and one alpha (opacity) value. MFColorRGBA specifies zero or more SFColorRGBA values. Each colour is encoded as an RGBA 4-tuple of floating point numbers in ISO C floating point format (see ISO/IEC 9899) in the range 0.0 to 1.0.

EXAMPLE

fooColor [ 1.0 0. 0.0 1.0, 0 1 0 1, 0 0 1 1 ]

is an MFColorRGBA field, fooColor, containing the three primary colours red, green, and blue with complete opacity.

5.5 SFDouble and MFDouble

The SFDouble field specifies one double-precision floating point number. MFDouble specifies zero or more double-precision floating point numbers. SFDoubles and MFDoubles are encoded as ISO C floating point format (see ISO/IEC 9899).

EXAMPLE

fooDouble [ 3.1415926, 12.5666666666e-12, .000176989898 ]

is an MFDouble field, fooDouble, containing three double-precision floating point values.

5.6 SFFloat and MFFloat

The SFFloat field specifies one single-precision floating point number. MFFloat specifies zero or more single-precision floating point numbers. SFFloats and MFFloats are encoded as ISO C floating point format (see ISO/IEC 9899).

EXAMPLE

fooFloat [ 3.1415926, 12.5e-3, .0001 ]

is an MFFloat field, fooFloat, containing three floating point values.

5.7 SFImage and MFImage

The SFImage field specifies a single uncompressed 2-dimensional pixel image. MFImage specifies zero or more SFImage values. SFImage fields are encoded as three integers representing the width, height and number of components in the image, followed by width×height hexadecimal or integer values representing the pixels in the image, separated by whitespace:

EXAMPLE

fooImage <width> <height> <num components> <pixel values>

Pixel values are limited to 256 levels of intensity (i.e., 0-255 decimal or 0x00-0xFF hexadecimal). A one-component image specifies one-byte hexadecimal or integer values representing the intensity of the image. For example, 0xFF is full intensity in hexadecimal (255 in decimal), 0x00 is no intensity (0 in decimal). A two-component image specifies the intensity in the first (high) byte and the alpha opacity in the second (low) byte. Pixels in a three-component image specify the red component in the first (high) byte, followed by the green and blue components (e.g., 0xFF0000 is red, 0x00FF00 is green, 0x0000FF is blue). Four-component images specify the alpha opacity byte after red/green/blue (e.g., 0x0000FF80 is semi-transparent blue). A value of 0x00 is completely transparent, 0xFF is completely opaque. Note that alpha equals (1.0 - transparency), if alpha and transparency range from 0.0 to 1.0.

Each pixel is read as a single unsigned number. For example, a 3-component pixel with value 0x0000FF may also be written as 0xFF (hexadecimal) or 255 (decimal). Pixels are specified from left to right, bottom to top. The first hexadecimal value is the lower left pixel and the last value is the upper right pixel.

EXAMPLE

fooImage 1 2 1 0xFF 0x00

is a 1 pixel wide by 2 pixel high one-component (i.e., greyscale) image, with the bottom pixel white and the top pixel black.

EXAMPLE

fooImage 2 4 3 0xFF0000 0xFF00 0 0 0 0 0xFFFFFF 0xFFFF00
               # red    green  black   white    yellow

is a 2 pixel wide by 4 pixel high RGB image, with the bottom left pixel red, the bottom right pixel green, the two middle rows of pixels black, the top left pixel white, and the top right pixel yellow.

EXAMPLE

fooImages [1 2 1 0xFF 0x00, 1 2 1 0x40 0xC0]

specifies two images the first of which is a 1 pixel wide by 2 pixels high one-component (i.e., greyscale) image as in the first example while the second image is also a 1 pixel wide by 2 pixels high one-component (i.e., greyscale) image with the bottom pixel dark grey and the top pixel light grey.

5.8 SFInt32 and MFInt32

The SFInt32 field specifies one 32-bit integer. The MFInt32 field specifies zero or more 32-bit integers. SFInt32 and MFInt32 fields are encoded as an integer in decimal or hexadecimal (beginning with '0x') format.

EXAMPLE

fooInt32 [ 17, -0xE20, -518820 ]

is an MFInt32 field containing three values.

5.9 SFMatrix3d and MFMatrix3d

The SFMatrix3d field specifies a 3×3 matrix of double-precision floating point numbers. MFMatrix3d specifies zero or more 3×3 matrices of double-precision floating point numbers. Each SFMatrix3d is encoded as nine ISO C double-precision floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace. The first three double-precision floating point numbers represent the top row of the matrix. The second three double-precision floating point numbers represent second row of the matrix. The last three double-precision floating point numbers represent the bottom row of the matrix.

EXAMPLE

fooMatrix3d [ 1.5968734 0.7658987778666 0 0.4387899877 1 0 0 0 1,
              2.7338246644 0.5 0 4.389222333 2.5 0 0 0 1 ]

5.10 SFMatrix3f and MFMatrix3f

The SFMatrix3f field specifies a 3×3 matrix of single-precision floating point numbers. MFMatrix3f specifies zero or more 3×3 matrices of single-precision floating point numbers. Each SFMatrix3f is encoded as nine ISO C single-precision floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace. The first three single-precision floating point numbers represent the top row of the matrix. The second three single-precision floating point numbers represent the second row of the matrix. The last three single-precision floating point numbers represent the bottom row of the matrix.

EXAMPLE

fooMatrix3f [ 3.05 43.89 0 77.89 54.32 0 -3.5 2.78 1,
              89.777 33.486 0 3222.2 1 17.0 4.0 -3.9 0.5 ]

5.11 SFMatrix4d and MFMatrix4d

The SFMatrix4d field specifies a 4×4 matrix of double-precision floating point numbers. MFMatrix4d specifies zero or more 4×4 matrices of double-precision floating point numbers. Each SFMatrix4d is encoded as sixteen ISO C double-precision floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace. The first four double-precision floating point numbers represent the top row of the matrix. The second four double-precision floating point numbers represent the second row of the matrix. The third four double-precision floating point numbers represent the third row of the matrix. The last four double-precision floating point numbers represent the bottom row of the matrix.

EXAMPLE

fooMatrix3d [ 1.5968734 0.7658987778666 0 0.4387899877
              1 0 0 0
              36.31896667 0.5 -13.4879906634 0
              0 0 0 1,

              2.7338246644 0.5 0 4.389222333
              2.5 0 0 0
              987.883 -0.5432 3289.77 1
              -43.5 43.5 -10 1]

5.12 SFMatrix4f and MFMatrix4f

The SFMatrix4f field specifies a 4×4 matrix of single-precision floating point numbers. MFMatrix4f specifies zero or more 4×4 matrices of single-precision floating point numbers. Each SFMatrix4f is encoded as sixteen ISO C single-precision floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace. The first four single-precision floating point numbers represent the top row of the matrix. The second four single-precision floating point numbers represent the second row of the matrix. The third four single-precision floating point numbers represent the third row of the matrix. The last four single-precision floating point numbers represent the bottom row of the matrix.

EXAMPLE

fooMatrix3f [ 3.05 43.89 0 77.89
              54.32 0 -3.5 2.78
              14.322210443 -0.00007788666 2.1 1
              -0.5 0.5 2.9987799 13.34,

              89.777 33.486 0 3222.2
              1 17.0 4.0 -3.9
              -33.3333 17.6689 0.5 1
              1 1 -3 1.115 ]

5.13 SFNode and MFNode

The SFNode field specifies a VRML node. The MFNode field specifies zero or more nodes.

EXAMPLE  The following illustrates valid syntax for an MFNode field, fooNode, defining four nodes:

fooNode [ Transform { translation 1 0 0 }
          DEF CUBE Box { }
          USE CUBE
          USE SOME_OTHER_NODE  ]

The SFNode field may contain the keyword NULL to indicate that it is empty.

5.14 SFRotation and MFRotation

The SFRotation field specifies one arbitrary rotation. The MFRotation field specifies zero or more arbitrary rotations. An SFRotation is encoded as four ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE  an SFRotation containing a PI radians rotation about the Y axis is:

fooRot 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.14159265

5.15 SFString and MFString

The SFString and MFString fields contain strings formatted with the UTF-8 universal character set (see ISO 10646). SFString specifies a single string. The MFString specifies zero or more strings. Strings are encoded as a sequence of UTF-8 octets enclosed in double quotes (e.g., "string").

Any characters (including linefeeds and '#') may appear within the quotes. A double quote character within the string is preceded with a backslash. A backslash character within the string is also preceded with a backslash forming two backslashes.

EXAMPLE

fooString [ "One, Two, Three", "He said, \"Immel did it!\"" ]

5.16 SFTime and MFTime

The SFTime field specifies a single time value. The MFTime field specifies zero or more time values. Time values are encoded as a double-precision floating point number in ISO C floating point format (see ISO/IEC 9899). As stated in ISO/IEC 19775-1, each SFTime field represents the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.

EXAMPLE

fooTime 0.0

is an SFTime field, fooTime, representing a time of 0.0 seconds.

5.17 SFVec2d and MFVec2d

The SFVec2d field specifies a two-dimensional (2D) double-precision vector. An MFVec2d field specifies zero or more 2D double-precision vectors. SFVec2d's and MFVec2d's are encoded as a pair of ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE

fooVec2d [ 42.89978899 666.000123, 7 94.1 ]

5.18 SFVec2f and MFVec2f

The SFVec2f field specifies a two-dimensional (2D) vector. An MFVec2f field specifies zero or more 2D vectors. SFVec2f's and MFVec2f's are encoded as a pair of ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE

fooVec2f [ 42 666, 7 94 ]

5.19 SFVec3d and MFVec3d

The SFVec3d field specifies a three-dimensional (3D) double-precision vector. An MFVec3d field specifies zero or more 3D double-precision vectors. SFVec3d's and MFVec3d's are encoded as three ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE

fooVec3d [ 1.000000000001 42 666.35357878, 7 94 0.100000000007 ]

5.20 SFVec3f and MFVec3f

The SFVec3f field specifies a three-dimensional (3D) vector. An MFVec3f field specifies zero or more 3D vectors. SFVec3f's and MFVec3f's are encoded as three ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE

fooVec3f [ 1 42 666, 7 94 0 ]

5.21 SFVec4d and MFVec4d

The SFVec4d field specifies a four-dimensional (4D) double-precision vector. An MFVec4d field specifies zero or more 4D double-precision vectors. SFVec4d's and MFVec4d's are encoded as four ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE

fooVec3d [ 1.000000000001 42 666.35357878 32.6, 7 94 0.100000000007 143.998 ]

5.22 SFVec4f and MFVec4f

The SFVec4f field specifies a four-dimensional (4D) single-precision vector. An MFVec4f field specifies zero or more 4D single-precision vectors. SFVec4f's and MFVec4f's are encoded as four ISO C floating point values (see ISO/IEC 9899) separated by whitespace.

EXAMPLE

fooVec3f [ 1 42 666 -43.8, 7 94 0 0.0001 ]