[x3d-public] 4D Printing

[Joseph D Williams]

Hi Don, 
Please note that there are several very nice x3d nodes to realtime/variabletime spacetime model and visualize in 4D.
First, look at x3d hanim Displacer. Use one or more Displacer objects to document how each vertex of the shape moves vs some  input(s). Another way is CoordinateInterpolator. If the programmable material cannot be simulated in x3d hanim using skin, joints, and displacers, then we really need to know why. 

The only hard part I know of is when the number of vertices has to change vs input because changed mesh may mean new animation bindings. 

➢ … wherein after the fabrication process … 

… wherein before, during, and after the fabrication process … 
know the actual state 
of the programmable state 
as you fabricate. 

Good Luck in simulating 4D, one of the most basic functionalities of vrml/x3d
 
Joe. 


From: Brutzman, Donald (Don) (CIV)
Sent: Sunday, January 20, 2019 6:30 PM
To: X3D Design Printing and Scanning working group
Cc: X3D Graphics public mailing list
Subject: [x3d-public] 4D Printing

JTC1 3D Printing and Scanning Working Group is considering:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_printing

"4-dimensional printing (4D printing; also known as 4D bioprinting, active origami, or shape-morphing systems) uses the same techniques of 3D printing through computer-programmed deposition of material in successive layers to create a three-dimensional object. However, 4D printing adds the dimension of transformation over time.[1] It is therefore a type of programmable matter, wherein after the fabrication process, the printed product reacts with parameters within the environment (humidity, temperature, etc.,) and changes its form accordingly. The ability to do so arises from the near infinite configurations at a micrometer resolution, creating solids with engineered molecular spatial distributions[2] and thus allowing unprecedented multifunctional performance. 4D printing is a relatively new advance in biofabrication technology, rapidly emerging as a new paradigm in disciplines such as bioengineering, materials science, chemistry, and computer sciences.[3]"

all the best, Don
-- 
Don Brutzman  Naval Postgraduate School, Code USW/Br       brutzman at nps.edu
Watkins 270,  MOVES Institute, Monterey CA 93943-5000 USA   +1.831.656.2149
X3D graphics, virtual worlds, navy robotics http://faculty.nps.edu/brutzman
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