X3D Medical

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The Medical Working Group

The International Standards Organization (ISO) standard for 3D graphics over the Internet is Extensible 3D (X3D), which is maintained and developed by the Web3D Consortium. The initiative of the Web3D Consortium’s Medical Working Group (MWG) is to specify and implement MedX3D – an extension to the open and royalty-free X3D standard to support advanced medical visualization functionality and medical data exchange (for more information see MedX3D: X3D and Volume Rendering). The MWG has specified and demonstrated cross-platform volume rendering styles (i.e., transfer functions), segmentation and ontology support, and data import/export capabilities for interactive presentation.

The Medical Working Group is an interdisciplinary effort. The different backgrounds of the members range from medical subject matter experts, over computer scientists from academia to engineers and experts from industry. Thus potential users and future providers are involved as well as experts to work on technical solutions.

X3D and Volume Rendering

The reproduction of volume-rendered presentations of medical image data across platforms and the healthcare enterprise presents several challenges, especially due to data and view incompatibilities and lock-in to proprietary systems. But, explicit 3D visual presentations of medical images can provide significant advantages because this type of rendering is more truly representational of the object being imaged (the human body), it is a more intuitive and easily-read format. It is increasingly common to render a three dimensional (3D) model from a CT, MRI, PET and X-Ray scan to better interpret the size, orientation and other spatial relationships of the patient’s anatomy as necessary for diagnosis and therapy.

Until recently, there was little hope of interoperability for interactive 3D and 4D presentations to break out of the hospital PACS and to be archived and shared across the enterprise. With the continual advancement in computing and graphical power over the last decade, specialized workstations and software capacity has become available to display this type of 3D imaging on a common laptop. It is an imminent future when the handheld tablets on the market are capable of sustained hardware-accelerated graphics performance.

Our original work (Web3D.org) for TATRC (W81XWH-06-1-0096) developed and demonstrated the integration of expressive volume rendering with X3D over the web with several client platforms. This set of functionalities was validated by industry experts and formalized into a specification with two separate, multi-platform implementations. The new component includes an expressive range of volume rendering styles as well as means to assign separate styles to different segments, and to create isosurfaces within the volume. In 2012, this specification has ultimately become an official part of ISO X3D 3.3.

Much of the required functionality is specified in the X3D 3.3 draft International Standard, including the Texturing3D Component (Clause 33) and the Volume Rendering Component (Clause 41) to support several compose-able styles for Volume Rendering for Medical Imaging, geology and other non-invasive sensing modalities. A Medical Interchange Profile of X3D nodes is also defined in Annex L : http://www.web3d.org/files/specifications/19775-1/V3.3/Part01/MedInterchange.html. The node set of the X3D 3.3. Medical Interchange Profile collects nodes for volume and polygon rendering, lighting, text and animation; it has been demonstrated to meet the requirements of several key clinical and research applications including diagnosis, surgical planning, education and training and informed consent.

The Medical Working Group is participating in the DICOM Working Group 11 for the purpose of defining a presentation standard for reproducible Medical Imaging.

X3D Volume Rendering Examples & Videos

Tools

Papers and Tutorials

  • "New Platforms for Health Hypermedia" by Polys and Wood, Issues in Information Systems. Vol 13 (1); pp 40-50, 2012. This is a good overview of the X3D capabilities and potential for Health Informatics.
  • Web3D 2012 Tutorial X3D Volume Visualization and Medical Applications Download the slides!
  • SIGGRAPH 2012 Birds-Of-A-Feather (BOF) '3D Medical Visualization Using X3D'
  • Best Paper Award at IEEE VR 2012: Haptic Palpation for Medical Simulation in Virtual Environments
  • A presentation made at the SIGGRAPH 2011 Medical BOF is available here
  • Ullrich, S., T. Kuhlen, N. F. Polys, D. Evestedt, M. Aratow, and N. W. John, "Quantizing the Void: Extending Web3D for Space-Filling Haptic Meshes", Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR), vol. 163, Newport Beach CA, USA, IOS Press, pp. 670-676, February, 2011.
  • Proceedings of the IEEE VR 2010 Medical Workshop
  • John, N. W., M. Aratow, J. Couch, D. Evestedt, A. D. Hudson, N. Polys, R. F. Puk, A. Ray, K. Victor, and Q. Wang, "MedX3D: Standards Enabled Desktop Medical 3D", Medicine Meets VR (MMVR), 2008.
  • N.W. John, "Design and Implementation of Medical Training Simulators", Virtual Real. 12, 4 (Dec. 2008), 269-279.
  • F.P. Vidal, N.W. John, A.E.Healey, D.A. Gould, "Simulation of Ultrasound Guided Needle Puncture using Patient Specific Data with 3D Textures and Volume Haptics", Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds. Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp111-127, May 2008, Online ISSN: 1546-427X , Print ISSN: 1546-4261,
  • N. W. John, I.S. Lim, "Cybermedicine Tools for Communication and Learning", Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2007; 30(2): 4-9.
  • Polys, N., D. Bowman, C. North, R. Laubenbacher, and K. Duca, "PathSim Visualizer: An Information-Rich Virtual Environment for Systems Biology", Web3D Symposium, Monterey, CA, ACM Press, 2006.

Medical Working Group members only wiki

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